Glossary

Kinotarchy

Terms newly introduced or used with a specific meaning for the state concept in Chapter 10.

account

Article 4.3

User account on the ledger. Allows storing data on the ledger (key-value pairs and documents). Data may be signed by other accounts. Special account types: citizen account, community account.

body	Article 3.1

Part of the central state. Legislative bodies (legislative), councils (executive), and the constitutional court (judiciary) are managed on the ledger.

central code of laws

Article 6.7

Overview of all central laws, regularly published by the constitutional judges. Can declare central laws or parts of them invalid.

central law

Articles 5.3, 3.1

Law enacted by the central legislature. It is therefore subject to direct oversight by the constitutional court. The constitution stipulates in various places that a central law must exist for a specific task.

central legislature

Article 5.3

Supreme legislative body. Enacts central laws, creates all other bodies (except for the constitutional court).

central rights

Article 2.x

Rights that the central state may restrict for its citizens only under strict conditions: principle of equality, protection of the home, self-determination, the right to leave, freedom of belief, movement, expression, and assembly.

central state

Article 3.1

Divided into legislative, executive, and judiciary branches. Its processes are recorded on the ledger. It is governed by the communities, with voting weight according to how many members they have.

child

Article 8.2

Person who has neither reached the age of 18 nor lodged in their citizen account the officially certified completion of their mandatory schooling.

citizen

Articles 4.3, 5.1

All persons who have a citizen account. Children may be citizens without having a citizen account.

citizen account

Article 4.3

Account with a lodged and officially certified citizen number, name, and date of birth. Synonymous with citizenship. If a community is lodged (signed by that community), this makes the citizen a member of that community and grants it voting weight.

citizen election

Article 4.7

Election which only allows full-citizens as options.

citizen number

Article 4.3

Signed by an official account. Used by the ledger to ensure that each citizen has only one citizen account and thus counts only once towards a community’s voting weight.

community

Articles 4.3, 5.1, 5.5, ...

Holds voting power in the central state’s legislature and executive, proportional to how many members it has (see “standard weighting”). May organize itself internally in any manner, demand contributions and rule compliance from its members, and offer them services. Each citizen is a member of exactly one community (see “null-community”).

community account

Article 4.3

An account designated as a community. Grants membership in this community to citizen accounts by signature. May participate in central state decisions. Its voting weight is determined by the used weighting.

community land

Article 5.5

Land of type A or U, leased by a community or one of its members. Allows the community to enforce its rules using its own police and to restrict access.

constitutional court

Article 6.1

Apex of the judiciary. Publishes constitutional rulings and the canon of central laws. Composed of nine constitutional judges and responsible for building the judiciary. Keeps the central state and the communities within the bounds of the constitution.

council

Article 7.2

Part of the executive branch, issues regulations, and consists of council members. Established and empowered by the central legislature or another legislative body with a weighting. Enables the central state to make decisions more quickly than by passing laws.

council member

Articles 7.2, 4.3

A representative appointed by one or more communities who votes in a council with the voting weight of those communities.

default weighting

Article 4.4

Weighting used in the central legislation, constitutional amendments, the election of constitutional judges and the determination of official accounts. All full-citizens count; the maximum voting weight of any community is 29%.

election

Article 4.7

Process conducted on the ledger in which the eligible voters decide which of several alternatives (accounts, documents, values) the central state chooses. Arises from an initiative.

eligible voters

Article 4.4

Accounts that can vote for or against in a vote or election. Their voting weight depends on the weighting used. Depending on the voting body, eligible voters can be communities, council members, or constitutional judges.

executive

Article 7.1

Executive branch of the central state. Consists of all councils and all institutions established for the implementation of laws and regulations.

full-citizen

Article 4.3

A citizen who has lodged in their citizen account, officially certified, that they have completed their mandatory education. Counts towards their community’s voting weight and is considered an adult regardless of age.

initiative

Article 4.7

Document on the ledger that triggers an election if it reaches 20% supporting voting weight.

judiciary

Article 6.1

Jurisdiction of the central state – constructed by the constitutional court.

key-value pair

Article 4.3, 4.4

Structured data belonging to an account.

A key might be something like “citizen number” or “first name”. The value for the key “first name” might be, for example, “Tim”.

kinotarchy

Article 3.1

Name of the form of government. Meaning: “rule by communities”
(from Greek kinótita (community) and arkhē (to rule))

ledger (public)

Article 4.1

Public source of information with associated computation algorithms, implemented using a blockchain. Is decentralized, tamper-proof, historicized, fault-tolerant, and transparent. Maps processes of the central state. Anyone may open accounts.

legislative

Article 3.1

Law-making branch of the central state – consists of the central legislature and all other legislative bodies.

legislative body

Articles 5.4, 5.3

Part of the legislature. Enacts laws. The central legislature itself, or created by it or by another legislative body with a weighting, and granted rights.

null-community

Article 5.1

A community that takes no action and holds no voting weight. All citizens who are not members of any other community belong to the null-community.

official (account, data)

Article 4.5

Data is marked as “official” and considered officially certified if it is signed by an account that is marked as “official”. The ledger designates an account as official if it is marked as trustworthy by 60% of the voting weight of the communities (default weighting).

official-revocation

Article 4.9

Revocation of the “official” marking on data that has not been stopped and is not yet valid. Becomes valid after 3 months. An ongoing revocation is displayed with the affected data.

proposal

Article 4.6

Document on the ledger that can be voted on. Through structured data, it can create bodies and weightings. If approved by the eligible voters, it becomes an effective law or regulation.

sign	Article 4.3

Accounts may sign data (validity may be restricted to an account or a citizen number). This attests that they trust the data, forming a network of trust.

singleton proposal

Article 4.6

Proposal without structured data. Cannot be referenced. A vote on a singleton proposal is called a singleton vote.

trust network

Article 4.3

The formation of a consensus on the ledger about which data and accounts are reliable. It arises by marking data as “official” by authorized accounts; more generally, through signing data and through accounts marking other accounts as trusted.

universal rights

Article 1.x

Rights that apply to all people, always and everywhere, without exception: right to dignity, life, and education.

validator

Article 4.3

Account which participates in the generation of blocks for the ledger (the blockchain). Receives voting weight delegated by communities. Gains money if he reliably executes the ledger's algorithm.

value

Article 4.3, 4.7

see “key-value pair”

vote	Article 4.6

Process conducted on the ledger, through which the eligible voters decide whether a proposal becomes an effective law or regulation. It begins when 12% of the weighting agrees to a proposal.

voting weight

Article 4.4

Percentage share held by a community or council member in a vote or election. Determined by the number of full-citizens in each community, possibly limited by a percentage cap and/or filtered based on data lodged in citizen accounts (→weighting). Total voting weight across all eligible participants must add up to 100%.

weighting

Article 4.4

Algorithm used to calculate the voting weight of a community in a vote or election, as well as for council members (who represent communities). Specified when a body is created.